- the price we pay for language?

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11 år 9 månader sedan #491666 av stefan
Hej, kämpar enträget vidare med mina försök att belysa det som forskningen av någon outgrundlig anledning konsekvent undviker

Mvh Stefan

" SCHIZOPHRENIA " (an integration disorder) - the price we pay for language?

I find it very challenging to live with something which has a negative impact on my life without understanding and this is an ongoing attempt to understand an illness most people know very little about. Approximately one percent of the world's population (almost 70 million people) are at some point in their lives just like me right now (several voices are commenting on what I write and think) forced to somehow cope with what they experience due to what can best be described as an integration disorder which depend on both environmental and genetic factors.

My attempts to understand some of what I with this illness experience started off several years ago with a metacognitive approach and this is what I now ask myself:

1.) What can we learn from people who hear their own thoughts as alien voices and in response to non-verbal environmental sounds are able to generate the perception of an external voice "that retain certain acoustic features that were present in the original signal" :?:

2.) What if each and every one of us are able to use covert speech to generate the perception of an external voice "that retain certain acoustic features that were present in the original signal" when we need to restore and better distinguish a verbal message :?:

3.) Can the gestures you are about to produce during covert speech when you are able to hear the sensory consequence of covert speech like the gestures you intend to produce during overt speech determine what you expect to hear and can a top-down sensory expectation like this be used to select all features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce :?:

4.) Are you able to hear the sensory consequence of covert speech in integration with what you were able to select with a corresponding top-down sensory expectation :?:

5.) How are people able to hear their own thoughts out loud in response to un-patterned noise of a very low volume (what normally is unattended and below awareness) :?:

6.) Is Treisman´s attenuation model correct in its claim that "paying attention to a message means increasing its subjective loudness" :?:

7.) Can a previous exposure to a tone enable the perception of the same tone at a lower volume than otherwise would have been possible (Hemisfärernas musik, s.53, Jan Fagius) because you expect to hear the tone you were exposed to and are able to use what you expect to hear to select (pay attention to) all features matching the tone you were exposed to :?:

8.) Can excessive attentional focus on all features matching a top-down sensory expectation substantially increase the subjective loudness of what you are able to select (peripheral features not otherwise brought to awareness) when you are trying to hear the voice you are about to produce and will the subjective loudness of what you are able to select determine the subjective loudness of the voice you are about to produce :?:

9.) Is it harder to reveal a verbal illusion in response to un-patterned noise below a certain threshold and will this sometimes result in a tendency to interpret environmental or tinnitus-like sounds of a very low volume :?:

10.) Why do people lose the ability to generate an act of will with which they are able to consciously control covert speech :?:

11. ) Is one of the most influential cognitive models of auditory verbal hallucinations correct in its claim that “a failure to adequately monitor the production of one’s own inner speech leads to verbal thought being misidentified as an alien voice” :?:

12.) Are people who hear their own thoughts as alien voices forced to divide their attention between their ability to predictively monitor the production of a sensory consequence and what they are able to select with a corresponding top-down sensory expectation :?:

13.) Do people more easily lose the ability to control covert speech and hear their own thoughts as alien voices because they are forced to divide their attention between two similar tasks :?:

14.) Why am I the only one who uses a well known experience many people share (two similar tasks will often interfere with each other more than two different tasks) in an attempt to make it easier to understand the lack of voluntary control :?:

15.) Will not what you are able to select, when you are trying to hear the voice you are about to produce, automatically correspond to some features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce and can not the attention you devote to a competing task due to a similarity more effectively suppress the ability to control how you respond :?:

16.) Can two in some way similar tasks compete with each other more than two different tasks because the available attention capacity is set (limited) as if you were to perform only one task and can this be assumed to depend on the way in which "recurrent competitive networks tend to normalize their total activity" :?:

17.) Can the lost ability to generate an act of will with which you are able to consciously control covert speech with regards to a certain goal be as essential to our ability to restore and better distinguish a verbal message as it can be devastating to people with an integration disorder referred to as schizophrenia :?:

18.) Can what you are able to attend when you are trying to hear the voice you are about to produce more or less suppress the ability to control covert speech and do people who more or less lose the ability to control covert speech more or less lose the ability to inhibit a verbal response :?:

19.) Can what you are able to attend when you are trying to hear the voice you are about to produce be more demanding when you get a better match between the sensory consequence you are about to produce (what you expect to hear) and bottom-up sensory signals :?:

20.) Are you more motivated to produce a verbal response when you get a better match between a corresponding top-down sensory expectation and bottom-up sensory signals and will the motivational state you are in when you get a better match between the sensory consequence you are about to produce and bottom-up sensory signals increase the attention you devote to all features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce :?:

21.) Is it harder to inhibit a verbal response when you get a better match between a corresponding top-down sensory expectation and bottom-up sensory signals and will this result in a tendency to produce the most equivalent sensory consequence you are able to produce :?:

22.) Are several top-down sensory expectations simultaneously available when the gesture you need to use is selected and are you able to select the articulatory gesture you need to use (the one with the most equivalent sensory consequence you are able to produce) when what you are able to attend with a corresponding top-down sensory expectation (a competing task), more than what you are able to attend with any other to a lesser extent matching top-down sensory expectation, suppress the ability to control covert speech (To more or less lose the ability to control covert speech is to more or less lose the ability to inhibit a verbal response!... ) :?:

23.) Is action selection “the outcome of competition between response tendencies in the context of prefrontal biasing signals that represent drives and strivings for goals” :?:

24.) Can not bottom-up sensory signals affect “the outcome of competition between response tendencies” if it is harder to inhibit a verbal response when you get a better match between a corresponding top-down sensory expectation and bottom-up sensory signals (several top-down sensory expectations must simultaneously be available) :?:

25.) Are you able to integrate all features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce when bottom-up sensory signals affect "the outcome of competition between response tendencies" and will this generate the informative event we call perception in response to a more or less distorted verbal message :?:

26.) Can the lost ability to inhibit a verbal response serve the purpose of not letting an act of will interfere with the ability to select the gestures you need to use in response to a verbal message and will the lost ability to choose how you respond result in that you find it much harder to disregard the context you are exposed to and experience :?:

27.) Are you able to use multiple sources of information, like when incongruent auditory and visual cues are used to generate the McGurk effect (a verbal illusion), because a competing task (what you are able to attend when you are trying to hear the voice you are about to produce) suppress the ability to choose how you respond :?:

28.) Can covert speech with its sensory consequence heard in integration with all features matching a corresponding top-down sensory expectation, thanks to a tendency to produce a rather equivalent sensory consequence, be used to distinguish a verbal message while a sensitivity to the context you are exposed to and experience makes it possible to restore a more or less distorted verbal message :?:

29.) Are stimuli to which you make the same response categorized when you hear the sensory consequence of a specific gesture in integration with all features matching a corresponding top-down sensory expectation (what you are able to hear more subjectively will in response to different stimuli sound alike) and can a sensitivity to the context you are exposed to and experience make it possible to categorize (and learn how to categorize) what you are able to distinguish in response to acoustically highly variable speech sounds :?:

30.) Are people able to restore and better distinguish a verbal message when they lack the ability to inhibit a verbal response and with a short delay hear the sensory consequence of covert speech in integration with what they were able to select with a corresponding top-down sensory expectation :?:

31.) Was Alvin M. Liberman more than 50 years ago correct in his assumption that “the articulatory movements and their sensory effects mediate between the acoustic stimulus and the event we call perception” :?:

32.) Are you able to integrate all features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce when bottom-up sensory signals affect the outcome of competition between response tendencies and will this generate the informative event we call perception in all of our senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell) :?:

33.) Can the exposure to stimulus (non-verbal) - stimulus (verbal) contingencies (classical conditioning) when you with a short delay are able to restore a verbal message or interpret what subjectively seems to be a verbal message have such a profound effect that some people develop a mental illness :?:

34.) Why am I the only one who writes about how the exposure to stimulus (non-verbal) - stimulus (verbal) contingencies when you with a short delay are able to restore a verbal message can generate a tendency to interpret what people normally ignore :?:

35.) Can not the exposure to stimulus (non-verbal) - stimulus (verbal) contingencies (classical conditioning) when you with a short delay are able to restore a verbal message generate a tendency to interpret what people normally ignore :?:

36.) Can not any signal that consistently precedes a meal, such as a clock indicating that it is dinnertime or an appetizer, cause us to feel hungrier than before the signal and can not un-patterned noise that consistently precedes a verbal illusion (information) like any signal that consistently precedes a meal become a conditioned reinforcer that can activate a drive representation :?:

37.) Can not what you learn to expect in response to CS (un-patterned noise) trigger the need to access a verbal message (activate a drive representation) and can not the need to access a verbal message (information) motivate a verbal response which generates the informative event we call perception :?:

38.) Is it possible to divide what may cause conditioned reinforcer(S --> D)/incentive motivational(D --> S) learning in four categories as follows: A.) What will make it necessary to restore a verbal message. B.) What will increase the exposure to more ambiguous voices. (It´s probably more common to expect to access a verbal message in response to non-verbal sounds which originates from a distorted maybe distant voice than in response to other environmental sounds and to expect to access a verbal message can motivate a verbal response which makes it possible to interpret un-patterned noise.) C.) What may increase the need to access a verbal message. D.) What will diminish our ability to predictively monitor the production of a sensory consequence :?:

39.) Can all the factors that contribute to the development of an integration disorder referred to as schizophrenia be assumed to increase the exposure to the kind of stimulus (non-verbal) – stimulus (verbal) contingencies you are exposed to when you are able to restore a verbal message :?:

40.) Can the need to restore a verbal message in a noisy environment, due to a hearing impairment or when volition and emotion make you listen to indistinct, maybe distant and hard to hear voices be assumed to trigger an integration disorder like this :?:

41.) How do you explain “the fact that the incidence of schizophrenia increases consistently with increasing levels of urbanicity” (A and B?) :?:

42.) Why are hearing impairments important risk factors for schizophrenia (A, B and C?) :?:

43.) How do you explain the fact that belonging to an ethnic minority increases the risk of developing an integration disorder like this (C?) :?:

44.) Can any difference which gives you the sense of not belonging in a social context cause an elevated risk of developing an integration disorder like this :?:

45.) Can sensory deprivation and solitude, like starvation, trigger an internal drive to access what you need and will this generate a verbal behaviour which satisfies the need to access information :?:

46.) Can sleep deprivation contribute to the development of an integration disorder referred to as schizophrenia because it diminishes the ability to focus on a specific task :?:

47.) Are people, significantely deprived of their sleep, sometimes unable to adequately monitor the production of a sensory consequence because their ability to focus on a task like this has been diminished :?:

48.) Will the ability to predictively monitor the production of a sensory consequence in competition for limited attentional resources no longer as well attenuate all features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce because the ability to focus on a task like this has been diminished :?:

49.) Can all features matching the sensory consequence you are about to produce in competition for limited attentional resources more effectively suppress the ability to inhibit a verbal response because the ability to focus on monitoring the production of a sensory consequence has been diminished :?:

50.) Are people able to hear their own thoughts as alien voices because they are unable to attenuate all features matching the sensory consequence they are about to produce (their ability to focus on monitoring the production of a sensory consequence has been diminished), lack the ability to inhibit a verbal response and hear the sensory consequence of covert speech in integration with what they were able to select with a corresponding top-down sensory expectation :?:

51.) Are you able to reveal a verbal illusion when you expect to hear the sensory consequence you are about to produce and all features matching what you expect to hear can be taken out of their peripheral existence without generating a match between a top-down sensory expectation and bottom-up sensory signals :?:

52.) Will the ability to reveal a verbal illusion (a mismatch) result in that you lack the motivation to execute and are able to inhibit a verbal response :?:

53.) Can covert speech with its sensory consequence heard in integration with all features matching a corresponding top-down sensory expectation be blocked in the middle of a sentence because an increase in attention take all features matching what you expect to hear out of their peripheral existence without generating a match between a top-down sensory expectation and bottom-up sensory signals :?:

54.) Can the sensory consequence you are about to produce during covert speech take on the value of what you are able to reveal as irrelevant and how can this be assumed to affect the emotional state of people who frequently reveals a verbal illusion instead of hearing their own thoughts as alien voices :?:

55.) Can a tendency to reveal a verbal illusion be generated because you are trying really hard to hear the voice you are about to produce or because you are trying to avoid the voice you are about to produce by paying more attention to all features matching the voice you are about to produce (It is much harder to hear the voices you are trying to hear and I am able to use this to get rid of some of the voices I hear!) :?:

56.) Will some people who learn to avoid their voices by paying more attention to what they are able to hear objectively eventually automatically pay more attention to all features matching whatever voice they are about to produce and can this be assumed to generate more negative symptoms in people who mostly hear the kind of voices they want to avoid :?:

57.) Am I the only one who writes about how the ability to reveal a mismatch can generate negative symptoms like poverty of speech, affective flattening and avolition :?:

58.) Can not negative symptoms like poverty of speech, affective flattening and avolition be connected to our ability to reveal a mismatch :?:

59.) Will some people who mostly hear the kind of voices they want to hear eventually lose their ability to hear these voices because they pay more attention to what they hear objectively (bottom-up sensory signals) and as a consequence more frequently are able to reveal a verbal illusion (Extinction: The occurrences of a conditioned response will eventually decrease or disappear when a conditioned reinforcer (un-patterned noise) no longer is paired with a primary reinforcer (information)!) :?:

60.) Is it possible to affect what kind of voices people hear and by doing this help them to get rid of this illness (People who mostly hear the kind of voices they want to hear may eventually lose their ability to hear these voices because they are able to reveal a verbal illusion while people who mostly hear the kind of voices they want to avoid learn to avoid the kind of voices they hear by paying more attention to what they hear objectively. People who learn to avoid the voices they hear will continue to expect to hear the voices they learn to avoid... ) :?:

61.) Can verbal auditory hallucinations emerge as the result of stimulus (non-verbal) - stimulus (verbal) contingencies (classical conditioning) when you with a short delay are able to restore a verbal message while positive symptoms in all of our other senses (visual hallucinations etc) emerge due to a failure to block a neutral stimulus in compound with CS (un-patterned noise) :?:

62.) Can a failure to block a neutral stimulus in compound with CS (attentional blocking) be the result of our ability to reveal a mismatch :?:

63.) Can our ability to reveal a verbal illusion briefly switch our attention to a neutral event in one of our other senses and will a neutral event like this if it consistently precedes a reinforcer (the informative event we call perception) itself become a reinforcer :?:

64.) Can the ability to hear whatever you expect to hear in response to the context you are exposed to and experience gradually change the context you experience to a more subjective context :?:

65.) Can the lost ability to discriminate relevant stimuli from irrelevant stimuli originate from our ability to restore a verbal message (Our ability to restore a verbal message rely on an ability to interpret irrelevant stimuli when we expect to access a verbal message and to frequently restore a verbal message may generate a tendency to interpret what people normally ignore) :?:

66.) Do people naturally focus more on monitoring the production of a sensory consequence when it is the sensory consequence they produce overtly and can this be assumed to explain why people who constantly loses their ability to control covert speech often find it much easier to control overt speech :?:

67.) Are the frequently occurring loose associations I experience a characterizing feature of this illness which reflects how bottom-up sensory signals can affect “the outcome of competition between response tendencies in the context of prefrontal biasing signals that represent drives and strivings for goals” :?:

68.) Why is polydipsia (excessive fluid intake) associated with negative symptoms, disorganization and poor outcome :?:

69.) Will some people who hear their own thoughts as alien voices develop polydipsia because an operant behaviour like alien covert speech is rewarded with information without entirely satisfying the need to access information (A hungry animal with access to water may if an operant behaviour is rewarded with food, but in too small amounts to satisfy its hunger, eventually develop polydipsia) :?:

70.) Is an operant behaviour like alien covert speech sometimes rewarded with information without entirely satisfying the need to access information because you are able to reveal a verbal illusion (to listen because you experience the need to access a verbal message may result in that you are able to reveal a verbal illusion and it is much harder to hear the voices you are trying to hear) or because bottom-up sensory signals affect the outcome of competion between response tendencies (How informative is a loose association?) :?:
Mer
11 år 9 månader sedan #491703 av Geta
Hej stefan!

Det var längesedan som du visade dig på Viska. Kul att du gör inlägg igen.
Mer
11 år 9 månader sedan #491881 av Admin1
Välkommen tillbaka, stefan!

Jag tror att du har inte varit här sedan sajten uppgraderades för knappt ett år sedan. Kul att se att du fortfarande är intresserad av hörselhallucinationer.
Mer
11 år 9 månader sedan #492021 av stefan
Mår liksom många med den här sjukdomen skit ibland...

Mvh stefan
Mer
11 år 9 månader sedan #492211 av Admin1
Ja, psykoserna kommer vartannat till vart femte år, men det går att få dem ännu mer sällan vart 10:e till 20:e år. Det gäller att vara noga med medicineringen samt att vara vaksam på tidiga tecken på psykos och vidtaga mot åtgärder, som t.ex tillfälligt höja dosen. Det är viktigt att undvika stress. Motion är viktigt att satsa på också.
Mer
11 år 9 månader sedan #493677 av stefan
Jobbar numera heltid och skyller inte allting på sjukdomen.

Mvh stefan